Nigeria Former President Muhammadu Buhari Dies @82

Nigeria's former president, General Muhammadu Buhari (rtd), who led the country twice as a military head of state and a democratic president, died in London on Sunday, 13 July, 2025. President Buhari reportedly died in London at about 4:30 p.m. (1530 GMT), following a prolonged illness.

The Presidency spokesperson said President Bola Ahmed Tinubu had directed Vice President Kashim Shettima and his Chief-of-Staff to travel to London to collect and accompany Buhari's body back to Nigeria for burial.

A Muslim, Buhari was expected to be buried according to Muslim rites in his home state of northwestern Katsina, government officials said.

Born on 17 December, 1942, in Daura, Katsina State, Buhari enrolled in the Army at 19. He eventually rose to the rank of Major-General.

He seized power in 1983 as a military ruler, promising to revitalize a mismanaged country. He took a tough line on everything from the conditions sought by the International Monetary Fund to unruliness in bus queues.

Buhari, 82, first led the country as a military ruler after a coup in the 1983 – 85. He earned a devoted following for his brand of anti-corruption conviction politics.

His first stint in power was short-lived. He was removed after only 18 months by another military officer, General Ibrahim Babangida.

Buhari spent much of the following 30 years in fringe political parties and trying to run for president until his eventual victory over Jonathan in 2015.

He referred to himself as a "converted democrat" and swapped his military uniform for kaftans and prayer caps.

"I belong to everybody and I belong to nobody," was a constant refrain Buhari told supporters and critics alike.

Buhari defeated Goodluck Jonathan in 2015 in what was judged to be Nigeria's fairest election. Many hoped the retired Major General would crack down on armed groups, just as he had as the country's military head of state.

Instead, violence that had mostly been confined to the northeast spread. That left swathes of Nigeria outside the control of its security forces as gunmen in the northwest, armed separatists and gangs in the southeast roamed unchecked.

Much of his appeal lay in the anti-corruption ethos that was a central plank of his agenda both as a military and civilian ruler. He said endemic corruption in Nigeria's political culture was holding people back.

But it was so disappointing after his 2015 win whereby he took power as Nigeria was reeling from jihadist group Boko Haram's kidnapping of nearly 300 schoolgirls from the northeastern town of Chibok.

He took six months to name his cabinet. During that time, the oil-dependent economy was hobbled by low crude prices, prompting people to call him "Baba Go Slow".

He retained his popularity in poor, largely Muslim northern Nigeria, where voters propelled him to his second victory in 2019, despite his first term being blighted by Nigeria's first recession in a generation, militant attacks on oilfields, and repeated hospital stays for an undisclosed illness.

On the economy, Buhari applied the same approach that failed when he was in power in the 1980s; keeping the currency artificially high, as a matter of national pride. Just as in his first stint in power, the president ignored the IMF's advice to devalue the naira.

In 2022 the production of oil – by far Nigeria's greatest export - fell to its lowest level in more than two decades due to crude theft in the Niger Delta.

His anti-corruption crackdown also ran into criticism and failed to yield high-profile convictions.

Rights groups said Buhari never let go of his autocratic tendencies. In a major flashpoint, unarmed demonstrators protesting against police brutality were gunned down in 2020 (dubbed END SARS). Nationwide street violence followed, marking some of the most widespread civil unrest since military rule ended              in 1999.

Eventually, Buhari said aimed to improve the lives of Nigerians through social welfare programmes, the construction of train lines, roads, dams, airports and power infrastructure but the retired General was always surrounded by ill-fated elements, rusted politicians that never bode-well for future politics of Nigeria. May His gentle soul rest in perfect peace.